نوع المستند : مقالة ترويجية علمية
المؤلف
استاذ فی کلیة العلوم والمعارف -المصطفی
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
الموضوعات الرئيسية
عنوان المقالة [Persian]
المؤلف [Persian]
In the evidence for proving crimes, the judge’s knowledge holds special significance. The Islamic Penal Code of 1370 AH (1991 CE) stipulated that “the Sharia judge may rule based on their knowledge obtained through customary means.” In 1392 AH (2013 CE), the legislator specified in Articles 211 and 212 that the judge’s knowledge is valid under certain conditions. These articles state: “The judge’s knowledge is the certainty based on clear evidence related to the case before them. In cases where the judgment is based on the judge’s knowledge, they must precisely and specifically clarify in the judgment’s text the indications and evidence relied upon to form this knowledge. Such indications may include expert opinions, on-site inspections, local investigations, witness or informant statements, officer reports, and other evidence that typically leads to the judge’s certainty. However, purely inferential knowledge that does not ordinarily lead to the judge’s certainty cannot be considered a basis for issuing a judgment.”
This legal text explicitly affirms the validity of the judge’s knowledge. The subject of this article does not concern the judgment of an infallible judge due to its irrelevance but pertains to non-infallible or authorized judges. It should be noted that the basis of the issue relates to proof in civil matters, such as financial disputes and the like, whereas proof in criminal matters pertains to the individual, including their life and honor. Even in cases involving financial matters, the offender’s character is also affected. Consequently, the impact of proof in criminal matters is surrounded by restrictions and limitations. What can be inferred from the collection of Quranic verses is that the knowledge of a non-infallible judge is not considered valid for proving criminality and applying criminal charges to the accused.
الكلمات الرئيسية [Persian]
القرآن الكريم
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