A Comparative Study of the non-Observance of the Rule of the Easiest, Then the Easiest in Islamic Jurisprudence and Criminal Law of Islamic Countries (A Case Study of Iran, Iraq, Yemen and Pakistan)

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Iran.

2 PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Qom, qom University.

چکیده

ABSTRACT
Legitimate defense is recognized in jurisprudence and in the principles of Islam such as the Qur’an and Sunnah as an innate and natural right. Shiite and Sunni jurists have sought this important issue since the beginning of ijtihad and have shown ijtihad in this vital issue. On the other hand, legislators in Islamic countries are aware of the importance of this issue, and have devoted a chapter or section in their legal texts to discussing legitimate defense as one of the justifying reasons for the crime or the factors affecting mitigation of punishment. In addition to paying attention to this issue - and through jurisprudential and legal texts - there are conditions as necessary in legitimate defense of the subject of interest, including observing the rule of the easiest, then the easiest. The writer seeks - using the library method and the descriptive analytical method - to study the issue of the effect of non- Fulfilling the condition mentioned in the punishment of the perpetrator in terms of jurisprudential sources and legal texts, makes the defender bear civil liability (guaranteeing blood money). And sometimes with a more moderate criminal liability. In other words, failure to comply with the rule of the easiest then the easiest would undermine the legitimacy of the defense.Keywords: Marriage to an adulteress, prohibition of adultery in marriage, impediments to marriage from adultery, prohibition of marriage, marriage with an adulterer.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. A) Constitutions and laws
  2. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran issued in 1358 AH.
  3. Constitution of the Republic of Iraq issued in 2005 AD.
  4. Constitution of the Republic of Yemen issued in 1992 AD.
  5. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan issued in 1973 AD.
  6. The constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  7. Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1392 AH).
  8. Penal Code No. 111 issued in 1969 AD in Iraq.
  9. Republican Decree Law No. 12 of 1994 AD regarding crimes and penalties in Yemen.
  10. Pakistani Penal Code issued in 1860 AD. The Pakistan Penal Code
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  28. Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, the Dictionary of Dehkhoda, the institution of the Dictionary of Dehkhoda, and International center for the learning Persian language, Tehran, 1399, in the study: http: // dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir
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  30. Ashraf Ali and Muhammad Saleem, Right of Self Defense in Pakistan, Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 2014, ISSN 2090-4274

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